Haglunds deformity is an anatomic variation in which the back of the heel bone is larger than normal. Generally there is nothing wrong with that except that pressure from the shoes can be painful.
The fat pad under the heel protects the foot by providing cushioning and shock absorption. A problem can arise if that fat pad atrophies and it can result in heel pain.
Cuboid syndrome is a reasonaly common problem affecting the function of the cuboid bone and the joints around it. It is a common casue of lateral foot pain. Manipulation of teh cboid bone is a common treatment.
Calcaneal Apophysitis is also called Severs Disease and is a common condition of the growth plate at the back of the heel bone in kids.The pain is present at the back and sides of the heel, usually worse after sports activity. As it is a problem with the growth plate, it will come right on its own as the child’s growth in the heel bone stops. It is most commonly treated with a cushioned heel inserts and is a self limiting problem that eventually comes right by itself.
This video from PodChatLive was a good discussion on Calcaneal Apophysitis with an expert in the topic for those who want a deep dive into the topic:
For other videos on Severs disease, see PodiatryTube.
Baxter nerve entrapment is a cause of heel pain with the symptoms often mimicking plantar fasciitis and should be conisdered in any case of heel pain the has a neurological component to it.
Ankylosing Spondylitis is primarily a problem of the spine, but the arthritis there can also cause arthritis in the foot and pain in the heel. The involvement of the spine also means the feet are going to be difficult to reach to provide self care for foot problems.
This is something of a legend that happened in Australia where a footballer with a chronic plantar fasciitis allegedly jumped from a height in order to rupture his plantar fascia to facilitate healing. A surgical cutting of the plantar fascia is often used to treat chronic plantar fasciitis. It apparently worked.
Treatment for a plantar fascia rupture typically involves a combination of conservative measures and, in some cases, surgical intervention:
Rest and immobilization: Initially, it’s important to rest the affected foot and avoid activities that worsen the pain. Immobilization through the use of a walking boot, cast, or crutches may be necessary to allow the plantar fascia to heal.
Ice therapy: Applying ice to the affected area as soon as it happend can help reduce pain and inflammation. Ice packs or frozen water bottles can be used for 15-20 minutes several times a day.
Pain management: Over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen or naproxen, can help alleviate pain and reduce inflammation. Always consult a healthcare professional before taking any medication.
Physical therapy: A physical therapist may provide specific exercises to stretch and strengthen the muscles and tissues surrounding the foot and ankle. These exercises can help improve mobility, reduce pain, and promote healing.
Orthotic devices: Wearing orthotic devices, such as arch supports or custom-made shoe inserts, can help alleviate stress on the plantar fascia and provide support during the healing process.
Night splints: Night splints are devices worn while sleeping to keep the foot and ankle in a stretched position, which can help prevent the plantar fascia from tightening and promote healing.
Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT): In some cases, ESWT may be recommended. This treatment involves using shock waves to stimulate healing and reduce pain.
Surgical: If thee above conservative measure do not help, then surgery is an option.
Corticosteroid injections: Corticosteroid injections may be considered if conservative treatments are not effective. However, these injections are generally used sparingly due to potential risks.
Surgical intervention: Surgery is typically considered only when conservative treatments fail to provide relief. Surgical options may include plantar fascia release, where the tight or damaged portion of the plantar fascia is surgically cut or detached to relieve tension.
Severs disease or calcaneal apophysitis is a common problem causing pain in the heel of kids; it is an overuse type injury to the growth plate at the back of the heel bone. It is a self limiting problem that always comes right eventually when the growth in the heel bone stops. Several treatments have been advocated for it treatment. One of these is a dietary supplement called Oscon which consists of selenium and vitamin E. It is only supported by the use of testimonials and no clinical study has been done on it. It is not clear if it is worth trying or not as most children do get the minimum dietary requirements for Vitamin E and Selenium from their normal daily intake.
The best treatment for Severs disease is generally managing the activity levels and using a cushioned heel raise.